Toxoplasmic encephalitis: role of Human Leucocyte Antigens/alleles associated with rapid progression to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Abstract Background/aims The frequency of Human Leucocyte Antigens/alleles associated with rapid progression from Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome was evaluated in Brazilian patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome with and without Toxoplasmic Encephalitis. Methods 114 patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (41 with Toxoplasmic Encephalitis, 43 with anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies, without Toxoplasmic Eencephalitis, and 30 without anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies circulating and without Toxoplasmic Encephalitis) were studied. Results Human Leucocyte Antigens/alleles associated with rapid progression to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, particularly HLA-B35, -DR3, and -DR1 allele group, were significantly less represented in patients with Toxoplasmic Encephalitis and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Conclusion The presence of these Human Leucocyte Antigens/Alleles that predispose to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome progression was associated with resistance to Toxoplasmic Encephalitis among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 carriers.

Meaning of leprosy for people who have experienced treatment during the sulfonic and multidrug therapy periods / Significado da hanseníase para pessoas que viveram o tratamento no período sulfônico e da poliquimioterapia / Significado de la lepra para personas que experimentaron el tratamiento en el período sulfónico y de poliquimioterapia

AbstractObjective: to analyze the meanings of leprosy for people treated during the sulfonic and multidrug therapy periods.Method: qualitative nature study based on the Vigotski's historical-cultural approach, which guided the production and analysis of data. It included eight respondents who have had leprosy and were submitted to sulfonic and multidrug therapy treatments. The participants are also members of the Movement for Reintegration of People Affected by Leprosy.Results: the meanings were organized into three meaning cores: spots on the body: something is out of order; leprosy or hanseniasis? and leprosy from the inclusion in the Movement for Reintegration of People Affected by Leprosy.Conclusion: the meanings of leprosy for people submitted to both regimens point to a complex construction thereof, indicating differences and similarities in both treatments. Health professionals may contribute to the change of the meanings, since these are socially constructed and the changes are continuous.

ResumoObjetivo:analisar significados da hanseníase para as pessoas que foram tratadas no período sulfônico e no período da poliquimioterapia.Método:estudo de natureza qualitativa fundamentado na abordagem histórico-cultural de Vigotski, a qual orientou a construção e análise dos dados. Foram incluídos oito entrevistados que já tiveram hanseníase e que realizaram tratamento no período sulfônico e da poliquimioterapia, sendo participantes do Movimento de Reintegração das Pessoas Atingidas pela Hanseníase.Resultados:os significados foram organizados em três núcleos de significação: manchas no corpo: alguma coisa está fora de ordem; lepra ou hanseníase? e hanseníase a partir da inserção no Movimento de Reintegração das Pessoas Atingidas pela Hanseníase.Conclusão:os significados de hanseníase para pessoas tratadas nos dois períodos apontam para a construção complexa dos mesmos, indicando diferenças e semelhanças nos dois períodos. Os profissionais de saúde podem contribuir para a mudança de significados, pois esses são socialmente construídos e as transformações são contínuas.

ResumenObjetivo:analizar los significados de la lepra para las personas que fueron tratadas en el período sulfónico y en el período de poliquimioterapia.Método:estudio de naturaleza cualitativa fundamentado en el abordaje histórico cultural de Vygotsky, el cual orientó la construcción y análisis de los datos. Fueron incluidos ocho entrevistados que ya tuvieron lepra y que realizaron tratamiento en el período sulfónico y de poliquimioterapia, siendo participantes del Movimiento de Reintegración de Personas Afectadas por la Lepra.Resultados:los significados fueron organizados en tres núcleos de significación: manchas en el cuerpo: alguna cosa está fuera de orden; ¿Lepra o enfermedad de Hansen?; y lepra a partir de la inserción en el Movimiento de Reintegración de Personas Afectadas por la Lepra. Conclusión: los significados de la lepra para las personas tratadas en los dos períodos apuntan para la construcción compleja de los mismos, indicando diferencias y semejanzas en los dos períodos. Los profesionales de la salud pueden contribuir para el cambio de significados, ya que estos son socialmente construidos y las transformaciones son continuas.

Non HLA genetic markers association with type-1 diabetes mellitus

The currently available data identified IDDM1 and IDDM2 as 2 susceptibility loci for type 1 diabetes [T1D]. The major histocompatibility complex [MHC]/HLA region referred to as IDDM1 contains several 100 genes known to have a great influence on T1D risk. Within IDDM2, a minisatellite variable number of tandem repeats [VNTR] locus in the insulin gene [INS] promoter region is likely to represent the etiologic polymorphism. The aim of the present work was to study the association between genotypes and susceptibility to T1D among Egyptian diabetic children and their family members. Twenty-five nuclear Egyptian families with 27 children having T1D, aged 3-14 years, their nondiabetic 44 sibs, aged 3-15 years and their parents were included in our study. All studied children were subjected to: detailed history and family pedigree. Thorough clinical examination and anthropometric measurements. Laboratory work up of diabetes including random blood sugar [RBS] and HbA[1]C. Molecular genetics of INS was studied in four steps; nucleic acid purification, amplification, sequencing and haplotyping using flanking single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] as surrogate markers for minisatellite alleles identification. Analysis of variant repeat distribution among Egyptian families combined with flanking haplotypes revealed that all our diabetic children had class I alleles of INS; 9 had class IC+, 9 had class ID+ and 9 had class ID-, while all non-diabetic family members had class III alleles of INS. Therefore the three class I alleles were considered to be equally predisposing to T1D, while class III alleles are dominantly protective. There was significant positive correlations between body mass index [BMI] and both HbA[1]C and AST liver enzyme among diabetic children with class IC+ but not other alleles; indicating that they need close monitoring of their diabetic control and liver functions beside following specific dietary regimens. It can be concluded that all class I alleles [IC+, ID+ and ID-] are equally important susceptibility factors for T1D among Egyptian children, while class III alleles [IIIA and IIIB] are dominantly protective. It is concluded also that our diabetic children with class IC+ are an especially endangered subgroup of diabetics. Genotyping for INS-VNTR alleles is recommended for diabetic children as an important step of diagnostic and follow up regimens and for their non-diabetic family members for family counseling and early identification of potential diabetics. Further studies of INS-VNTR alleles and HLA haplotypes all over Egypt are recommended to define the Egyptian susceptibility loci for T1D and their relations to the clinical and laboratory findings as an important national programs

A retrospective compariso of cyclophosphamide plus antithymocyte globulin with cyclophosphamide plus busulfan as the conditioning regimen for severe aplastic anemia

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is the treatment of choice for young patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA). The association of antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and cyclophosphamide (CY) is the most frequently used conditioning regimen for this disease. We performed this retrospective study in order to compare the outcomes of HLA-matched sibling donor AHSCT in 41 patients with SAA receiving cyclophosphamide plus ATG (ATG-CY, N = 17) or cyclophosphamide plus busulfan (BU-CY, N = 24). The substitution of BU for ATG was motivated by the high cost of ATG. There were no differences in the clinical features between the two groups, including age, gender, cytomegalovirus status, ABO match, interval between diagnosis and transplant, and number of total nucleated cells infused. No differences were observed in the time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment, or in the risk of veno-occlusive disease and hemorrhage. However, there was a higher risk of mucositis in the BU-CY group (71 vs 24 percent, P = 0.004). There were no differences in the incidence of neutrophil and platelet engraftment, acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease, and transplant-related mortality. There was a higher incidence of late rejection in the ATG-CY group (41 vs 4 percent, P = 0.009). Although the ATG-CY group had a longer follow-up (101 months) than the BU-CY group (67 months, P = 0.04), overall survival was similar between the groups (69 vs 58 percent, respectively, P = 0.32). We conclude that the association BU-CY is a feasible option to the conventional ATG-CY regimen in this population.

relationship between HLA-DR and prostate cancer

To determine the etiologie relationship between HLA class II [DR] and cancer prostate and its pattern on B lymphocytes of patients with prostate cancer patients and normal individuals by using INNO-LiPA technique. Thirty patients having cancer prostate were included whatever the age of patients, grade or stage of the disease and before any medical or surgical intervention and 60 normal persons. All the patients passed within the planned program such as complete history taking with clinical examination including digital rectal examination [DRE]. Laboratory investigations as complete blood picture, hepatic and renal function tests, serum prostatic specific antigen [PSA] and HLA typing for prostate cancer patients and healthy controls. Imaging tests as chest X-ray, abdomino-pelvic ultrasound and transrectal ultrasound [TRUS]. Histopathological examination of prostatic biopsy guided by TRUS. Our results revealed that the antigen of HLA-DRB4 was found in 10 patients [33.3%] with a relative risk of 1.4. X[2] of 0.16 and p value of 0.053 compared to [26.7%] of control group which is statistically significant. The antigen HLA-DRB-0406 was found in 4 patients [13.3%] with relative risk of 4.9, X[2] of 4.6 and p value of 0.044 compared to 3% of control group which is statistically significant. The antigen HLA-DRB1-0410 was found in I patients [6.7%] with a relative risk of 3.5, of 5.97 and p value of 0.043 compared to 2% of control group which is statistically significant. The antigen HLA-DRB 1405 was found in 2 patients [6.7%] with a relative risk of 2.7. X[2] of 5.03 and p value of 0.041 compared to 2.7% of control group which is statistically significant. HLA typing showed that HLA-DR alleles frequency in prostate cancer patients compared with normal persons is high. Beside its role as a risk factor for acquiring the disease, it could be used as a marker for early detection, to determine the biological behavior and activity of the tumor, prognostic marker and in choice of the appropriate line of treatment

Human Leukocyte Antigen Typing Proficiency Surveys in Korea, 2005-2006 / 대한진단검사의학회지

BACKGROUND: To monitor the performance of histocompatibility testing laboratories, HLA proficiency survey in Korea has been conducted biannually since 1996. In this report, we summarized the results of the surveys performed in recent two years (2005-2006). METHODS: A total of four proficiency surveys were performed, in which 59-61 laboratories participated. Each survey included three tests for HLA class I (serology and DNA) and class II (DNA) typing and six tests for HLA crossmatch. RESULTS: The overall concordance of serologic typing was 98.9% (355/359) for HLA-A, 97.5% (350/ 359) for HLA-B, and 94.7% (337/356) for HLA-C. The antigens assigned correctly by less than 95% of the participating laboratories were A26 (93.8%), B38 (94.2%), Cw3/Cw10 (90.9%), Cw6 (94.4%), and Cw8 (74.3%). The overall concordance rates of DNA typing were 99.6% (533/535) for HLA-A, 99.8% (539/540) for HLA-B, and 100% (392/392) for HLA-C. Correct assignment of HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 was reported by 99.2% (98.1-100%) and 96.7% (88.9-100%) for the generic level and 100% and 95.8% (75-100%) for the allelic level, respectively. On the average 3.8% (0-7.7%) of the total laboratories showed unacceptable results in the crossmatch tests. CONCLUSIONS: The rates of correct antigen identification and of unacceptable crossmatch were similar to those of previous surveys, which were considered satisfactory. The Korean proficiency survey program may have contributed to a high quality of HLA tests today and should be continued for further improvements of the tests tomorrow.

Hla typing in patients of Eales disease

To determine any predisposition of haplotypes with Eales disease. A case control study. This study was started in February 2002 and data collected till April 2003 at Eye Department of Military Hospital, Rawalpindi. The frequency of HLA antigens both class-1 and II by complement dependent st and ard lymphocytotoxicity test was studied in 32 patients of Eales disease [group-1] and 32 age and gender matched normal persons as controls [group-11]. Both patients and controls underwent complete ocular and clinical examination and were followed up for one year. Mean age was 30.8 years. HLA DR3 was found in 20 patients of group-1 and none in group-11. HLA types A1, B8, B5 [51] and DR 15 [2] were found in 12 out of 32 patients of eales disease and none in controls. HLA DQ2 and DR52 was found in 28 cases of group-l as compared to 18 cases of group-ll [p=.005]. HLA phenotypes HLA DR3, A1, B8, B5 [51] and DR 15 [2] occurred in majority of cases of Eales disease, whereas these were not found in controls which was statistically significant. Similarly, HLA DQ2, DR52 and Bw6 was found in higher frequency in Eales patients and thus strongly associated with it. We conclude that certain HLA haplotypes have a possible predilection for Eales disease

Human leukocytes antigens in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus [IDDM] type I

This study consists of 72 diabetic patients of type I and 52 diabetic patients of type II besides 35 normal control of matched age and sex. There are some alleles more frequent in IDDM group than in control. In patients, they are DQA1 *0301/2,*0102, *0101- DQBl*0201,*0302,*0602-3,*0301- DRB1*0101,*0301,*04,1101,. While in normal control,they are DQAI*0101,*0102,*103,*0201,*0501 DQBI*0301,*0602-3,*0201,*0601 ORB1*1101,*1501/2/3. Three times high positive percent were observed regarding rubella IgM of IDDM as compared to NIDDM while it was zero percent with respect to control

Variantes de la diabetes mellitus: enfoque actual desde la genética y la biología molecular / Variant of the diabetes mellitus: current approach from the genetics and the molecular biology

La Diabetes Mellitus (DM), de acuerdo a la definición clásica, es una enfermedad metabólica caracterizada por la hiperglucemia. Esta a su vez resulta de un defecto en la secreción de insulina, en su acción, o en ambos factores a la vez. Por ello tempranamente se consideró a la DM como heterogénea y de origen multifactorial. Las dos formas típicas son la DM insulinodependiente, infantojuvenil, (DM tipo 1) y la DM no-insulinodependiente, diagnosticada en los adultos (DM tipo 2).Sin embargo, hoy se percibe un panorama mucho más complejo, donde los refinamientos en la subagrupación fenotípica de otras variantes de DM y la nomenclatura propuesta, (DM latente, o LADA, DM tipo 1 del adulto, DM tipo 2 insulinorrequiriente, DM tipo 1 y 1/2 etc.) condujo más a la confusión que a la precisión diagnóstica. Los avances contemporáneos de la genética y de la biología molecular comienzan a brindar las bases etiopatogénicas de la DM en sus distintas variantes. A partir de ello, por ejemplo, se puede comprender mejor la naturaleza de los condicionamientos multigénicos que se traducen en la susceptibilidad para padecer la DM tipo 1, dentro de un grupo mayor de enfermedades autoinmunes. En esta área el reciente desarrollo de los autoantígenos recombinantes a nivel internacional, e incluso local, ha contribuído sustancialmente a la creación de una nueva plataforma analítica de apoyo para la medicina dibetológica. El actual screening precoz y preciso de las formas de DM asociadas a autoinmunidad sirve para la predicción de la enfermedad con hasta una década de antelación y también para disipar algunos de los dilemas que suelen presentarse en los pacientes diabéticos sobre la intervención terapéutica con hipoglucemiantes orales o con insulina, orientando su elección correcta y oportuna.

HLA gene polymorphism and susceptibility for stroke in children with sickle cell anemia

Stroke occurs in 8-10% of children with Sickle Cell anemia [SCA] and is a major cause of morbidity. Prevention of first stroke would be preferable because even one stroke can cause irreversible brain injury. The association of HLA type with stroke provides the first evidence of a multigenic involvement in a specific manifestation of SCA. We investigated eleven children with SCA with magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] abnormalities consistent with cerebral infarcts [group I] and fourteen asymptomatic children with SCA with normal MRI scans [group II] to determine whether HLA type was associated with risk of stroke with SCA. Comparison, of the results of HLA typing between the SCA patients with a positive and those with a negative MRI revealed significant difference in distribution of alleles at the class II loci. For DRB1, the DR3 alleles, DRB1*0301and*0302 appeared to be associated with susceptibility to stroke. The DR15 alleles, DRB1* 1501 and 1503, were protective for stroke. For the DQB1 locus, DQB1 0201 was associated with stroke, while DQB1*0602 appeared protective. Documentation of an association between HLA alleles and risk of stroke in patients with SCA suggests that HLA system plays a role in the pathophysiology of vascular changes leading to stroke

Human leukocyte antigens profile in women with pre-eclampsia

To evaluate the frequencies of HLA Classes 1 and 2 antigens in women with obvious pre-eclampsia when compared to normotensive controls to demonstrate evidence of genetic factor contribution in the etiology of pre-eclampsia. In this prospective case-control study all the patients were managed at the Maternity Hospital, Kuwait. About 14 ml of blood was withdrawn from 25 women with pre-eclampsia and 25 normotensive controls. HLA phenotyping was done using a Terasaki microlymphotoxicity test for both classes, land II. In HLA Class 1, A31, A34, Cw8 antigens were more common in pre-eclamptic women [p<.0.4], while A28, Bw7 and Bw8 antigens were more common in the controls [p<0.02]. In HLA Class II, DR4, DRw14, DQw14, and DQw3 were more common in the pre-eclamptic women than in the controls [p<0.05]. The Relative Risk Ratios were significant for Al, Aw24, A31, A36, B27, Bw42, Cw5, Cw7 and Cw8, as well as DR2, DR3, DR4, DRw11, DQw2 and DQ4. Pre-eclamptic women differ genetically from controls with HLA Class 1 and Class 2

Efficacy of leucocyte filters during transfusions in preventing the development of anti-HLA antibodies.

The study was planned to investigate the effectiveness of using leucocyte filters in neonates during exchange and erythrocyte transfusion in preventing the development of anti-HLA antibodies. Twenty-four newborn infants who were admitted to the Neonatology Unit and received either exchange or at least two erythrocyte transfusions were recruited. The study group comprised of 12 infants on whom leucocyte filters were used during transfusions. Control group included the remaining 12 infants who were transfused without using a leucocyte filter. Anti-HLA antibodies in the serum samples were studied using modified Amos technique. Presence of anti-HLA antibodies in post-transfusion sera was detected in 3 (25%) of 12 infants in the study (filter) group, while in 10 (83.33%) of 12 infants in the control (no-filter) group. The difference between two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The study demonstrated that term and preterm neonates were capable of developing anti-HLA antibodies following exchange and erythrocyte transfusions, and use of leucocyte filters could efficiently prevent the formation of anti-HLA antibodies.

Determinación de haplotipos clase II del complejo principal de histocompatibilidad en pacientes del sexo masculino con artritis reumatoide / Association between antigens class II and masculine rheumatoid arthritis

Objetivo: La artritis reumatoide (AR) es una enfermedad multifactorial y sistémica del tejido conjuntivo. Caracterizada por afección simétrica de las articulares pequeñas de las manos y pies, en etapas tardías puede también involucrar articulaciones mayores. La afección es dada básicamente por un proceso inflamatorio. La AR es más frecuente en mujeres (2 a 7 veces). Los antígenos leucocitarios humanos (HLA) están involucrados en la patología de la enfermedad. El HLA es parte del complejo principal de histocompatibilidad (CPH), localizado en el brazo corto del cromosoma 6. El CPH se ha subdividido en 3 grupos. Las moléculas clase II se expresan en los linfocitos B, linfocitos T activados, macrófagos, células de Langerhans, dendríticas y endoteliales. El objetivo principal del presente estudio fue buscar una asociación entre éstos antígenos y la AR en paciente adultos del sexo masculino. Métodos. Se incluyeron 35 pacientes de sexo masculino cuya edad media fue de 45.2 años (rango de 25 a 67), con diagnóstico de AR (según los cirterios del ACR) que asisten a la consulta del Servicio de Reumatología del Hospital Regional 20 de noviembre del ISSSTE, estudiados en forma prospectiva de junio de 1989 a julio de 1990. Se estudió la clase funcional, la clase anatómica y se determinó la presencia del factor reumatoide. Resultados: Los resultados fueron: clase funcional I en 17.1 por ciento, II en 60 por ciento, III en 20 por ciento y IV en 28 por ciento. Todos los pacientes fueron seropositivos para factor reumatoide tipo IgM por nefelometría. Los antígenos de histocompatibilidad Clase II fueron: DR5 en 25 por ciento, DR4 en 15 por ciento y DR3 y DR7 en 13.3 por ciento

Association of Alport's syndrome with HDL-DR2 antigen in a group of unrelated patients

A few studies have evaluated HLA antigens in Alport's syndrome; however, there are no large population studies. In the present report, we studied 40 unrelated white patients with Alport's syndrome seen at the Unit of Renal Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil. HLA-A, -B, -DR and -DQ antigens were typed using a complement-dependent microlymphocytotoxicity assay. A control white populations (N=403) from the same geographical area was also typed for HLA antigens. Although the frequencies of HLA-A and -B antigens of patients were not statistically different from controls, the frequency of HLA-DR2 antigen observed in patients (65 percent) was significantly increased in relation to controls (26 percent; P<0.001). The relative risk and etiologic fraction for HLA-DR2 antigen were 5.2 and 0.525, respectively. Although few immunological abnormalities have been shown in Alport's syndrome, in this report we emphasize the association of HLA molecules and Alport's syndrome. Besides the well-known inherited molecular defects encoded by tyope IV collagen genes in Alport's syndrome, the major histocompatibility alleles may be in linkage disequilibrium with these defective collagen genes.

HLA antigen pattern of Kashmiri patients with rheumatic heart disease.

The distribution of HLA class-I (A, B and C), and class II (DR and DQ) antigens was studied in 50 randomly selected Kashmiri Muslim patients with established rheumatic heart disease and compared with that of 50 controls of similar ethnicity. A significant increase in the frequency of HLA-DR4 (P < 0.005, RR 3.27) and a significant decrease in the frequency of HLA-B5 (P < 0.001, RR 0.19) were found in the patient group. Though HLA-DQ3 showed a significant increase (P < 0.005, RR 2.52) and HLA-DR7 a significant decrease (P < 0.05, RR 0.42) in the patient group, the corrected P value was not significant. The findings suggest that susceptibility to RHD in the studied population is HLA-related, with HLA-DR4 influencing its occurrence and HLA-B5 conferring protection against the same.

Los antígenos de histocompatibilidad en pacientes con fibrosis intersticial difusa pulmonar. Análisis de frecuencia / The histocompatibility antigens in patients with pulmonary diffuse interstitial fibrosis. Analysis of its frequency

Aunque en la literatura médica existen múltiples publicaciones acerca de la patogenia de la fibrosis intersticial pulmonar (FIDP), estas representan sólo hipótesis que no han aclarado de manera suficiente los mecanismos íntimos de producción del padecimiento. Ante la posibilidad de que estos mecanismos pueden conducir hacia alteraciones inmunológicas capaces de generar la FIDP, varios autores han enfocado el estudio hacia posibles determinantes genéticos que predisponen al padecimiento. En este trabajo presentamos los resultados obtenidos después de analizar pacientes con FIDP y personas sanas en cuanto a antígeno mayor de histocompatibilidad DR y ABC con el fin de poder identificar un antígeno que sea capaz de servir como un marcador para identificar la FIDP. Concluimos que es posible la existencia de un "gen productor de fibrosis" aunque se requiere de una muestra más numerosa para corroborar nuestros resultados

Los antígenos del sistema HLA clases I y II en la sangre periférica de pacientes con cáncer vesicular y colelitiasis y de pacientes con colelitiasis sin cáncer / The antigens of the HLA system I and II types in peripheric blood in patients with gallbladder cancer and cholelithiasis and in patients with cholelithiasis without cancer

El cáncer de la vesícula biliar (CV) es una enfermedad de lata prevalencia en Chile y habitualmente asociada a colelitiasis. En 110 pacientes con CV y colelitiasis, y en 106 con colelitiasis sin antecedentes neoplásicos se investigan los antígenos del sistema HLA (A, B, C, DR y DQ), buscando marcadores que permitan asociar colelitiasis con CV y analizando el comportamiento del sistema en relación a la sobrevida de pacientes con CV. Se encontraron asociaciones facilitadoras de CV en los antígenos DR6 (tipificado sin splits) (p< 0,006 - RR 1,64); en la suma de todos los splits DR6 incluido el antígeno DR6 (p< 0,006 -RR 1,47) y DQ3 (p< 0,006 - RR 1,45). Se hallaron asociaciones protectoras de CV en los antígenos A19 (p< 0,006); DR11(5) (p< 0,0001 - RR 0,68) y DQ7(3) (p< 0,008 - RR 0,63). La sobrevida mayor a 5 años de los pacientes con CV se asoció a los antígenos DR5 (p< 0,0001) y DR52 (p< 0,02). Los hallazgos sugieren una asociación entre CV y algunos antígenos HLA, sin embargo, es prematuro recomendar su uso en la práctica clínica habitual. Es necesario estudiar a nivel de genética molecular los alelos responsables de dichas asociaciones, en partícular el alelo DR52b

Reactividad para antígenos maternos no heredados (NIMA) en pacientes politransfundidos / Reactivity to non-inherited maternal antigens (NIMA) in polytransfused patients

Es muy difícil encontrar un donador para los pacientes politransfundidos con insuficiência renal crónica (IRC) ya que los mismos presentan anticuerpos citotóxicos para casi todas las especificidades antigénicas y "cross-match" contra panel (CMP) alto. Sin embargo existirían ciertas "incompatibilidades permitidas" que según ciertos autores incluirían los antígenos maternos no heredados (NIMA-"Non Inherited Maternal Antigens"). Esto obviamente es muy importante, y su estudio posibilitaría el incremento del universo de donadores para estos pacientes politransfundidos. En este estudio se analizaron 22 pacientes, de un total inicial de 30, y sus progenitoras y se realizaron tipages HLA de los locus A, B y C, auto "cross-match", "cross-match "(CM) de sueros de los pacientes contra células maternas, así como una relación de estos CM contra el CMP. Los resultados hallados no corroboram el "efecto NIMA" en pacientes altamente sensibilizados, pues en todos ellos con un CMP próximo de 1OO por ciento el CM contra células maternas también fué positivo y este solo comenzó a ser negativo con un CMP de 73 por ciento. Sin embargo, nuestros resultados sugieren fuertemente una "prioridad inmunogénica" o jerarquía para algunos aloantígenos, a los que el paciente se sensibilizaría en primer lugar y no a otros, entre los últimos se encontrarían los NIMA.

HLA in schistosoma haematobium [Sh]: a special pattern in cancer bladder and hepatosplenomegaly

Estimation of HLA [ABC] antigen frequency was done in 65 patients with various manifestations of SH, in a trial to a possible association of these genetic markers and disease susceptibility to SH and/or in the development of various complications of the disease. It was concluded that, the close association between HLA antigens and S. hematobium infestation can provide some evidence that susceptibility or resistance to schistosomiasis is determined by genetic factors. Susceptibility of individuals may be based on the presence of A11, B21 contributes to resistance to infection. Individuals possessing A30, Cw4 may be prone to the development of the hepatosplenic form of the disease while A30, B35 and CwS more prone to the development of malignant bladder

Dermatoglyphic patterns of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Finger tip and palmar dermatoglyphics were studied in 31 patients (22 females and 9 males) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 38 matched controls (20 females and 18 males) from North India. While not many differences were observed in palmar patterns, a low ending of line A was found on both hands of two patients. Finger tip patterns were significantly different in patients compared to controls. No association with any dermatoglyphic feature and HLA antigens was observed.